(B and D) In the seminiferous tubules in the process of lighting (I), elongated spermatids (AL) and diplotene primary spermatocytes are seen (D). (A and C) Seminiferous tubules showing spacing (arrows), gonocytes (G), spermatogonia (A) and supporting cells (S). Photomicrographs of buffalo testis at 18 mo (A, C and E) and 24 mo (B, D and F) in transverse sections. 1 The DSP per gram of testis is an effective parameter to estimate the spermatogenic efficiency of an animal. 6 An important criterion of superior sire selection in buffalo bulls is the number of sperm that a bull produces. In general, measurement of the DSP rate in different species can highlight genetic potential and therefore improve the management of these animals. In order to better understand these aspects of male reproduction in Murrah buffaloes and its relationship to maintenance conditions, we investigated spermatogenesis and daily sperm production (DSP) in two age groups (18 and 24 mo) that are close to the transition from puberty to sexual maturity in other buffaloes, especially from Brazil. Moreover, data on testicular structure and function, focusing on testicular morphometry and an estimate of daily sperm production, have not been evaluated in Murrah buffaloes. 5 However, data related to reproductive characteristics, as well as a histological evaluation of its seminiferous tubules, are scarce for Murrah breeds. 3, 4 In contrast, crossbreeds derived from Murrah x Mediterranean buffaloes, maintained in an extensive breeding system in Brazil, may enter into puberty earlier than other breeds, i.e., between 10 to 15 mo, and may reach sexual maturity between 16 to 24 mo. Some data suggest that male Murrah buffalo from the Indian continent reached full productive sexual maturity late in life, i.e., from 2 to 3 y onwards. 1 The Murrah breed is considered the most important and efficient milk and fat producer, 2 but aspects of its reproduction are unknown. The onset of puberty and sexual maturity shows variations in buffalo breeds from different continents. In conclusion, our data support former views that the testes of the Murrah breed does not reach sexual maturity before 2 y of age and that important developmental steps occur later than Murrah crossbreeds from Brazil. However, the animals had superior morphometric parameters compared with those of other livestock animals, except for the seminiferous tubule volume and diameter, which were inferior. At 24 mo, the DSP rate was 0.97 billion sperm per testis and 13 million sperm per gram of testis. The testes of Murrah buffalo bulls at 18 mo was immature and at 24 mo could still be considered an average-efficiency breed based on their DSP. The present study aimed to evaluate the daily sperm production (DSP) and spermatogenesis in developing Murrah buffalo bulls by evaluation of the seminiferous tubules, testicular morphometry and using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The Murrah buffalo is considered the most important and efficient milk and fat producer, but aspects of its reproductive biology are still unknown. The development of male sexual maturity varies among buffaloes.
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